In the not-too-distant past, many Marxist philosophers were weighed down by a shared despair. Capitalism, they feared, had become so totalizing, so all-consuming, that there was no longer any possibility of overthrowing it. “The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; the point is to change it,” Karl Marx famously wrote in 1845, anticipating the revolutionary fervor that would sweep Europe just three years later. But a century and a half after that, with the Cold War ended and globalism ascendant, Marx’s successors sometimes seemed convinced that the old dialectical machinery of history had ground to a halt. Between the end of the Soviet Union and the rise of globalized digital finance and trade, the situation looked hopeless.